The Crazy (aka Mad or Foolish) Dog societies were organized among a number of Northern and Central Plains tribes (Arikara, Assiniboine, Atsina, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Crow, Hidatsa, Mandan). The Crazy Dog societies of the Crow, Mandan and Hidatsa are homologous: all have rattles, whistles, horned bonnets and sashes. Besides the sash-wearers, there were 3 or 4 officers wearing headdresses of buffalo hide, decorated with split horns and [trimmed with] ermine skins. To the back of these [headdresses] were attached strips of rawhide decorated with quillwork [later this type of headdresses was replaced by bonnets with ermine tubes]. Horsehair tufts, dyed yellow, were fastened to the tips of the horns, and occasionally hawk [perhaps owl?] wing feathers were used for additional decoration [beneath the horns].